XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) – A Powerful Analytical Tool for Precious Metals Testing
Befor we start- XRF is a must have for all recyclers!!!!!!
XRF is a non-destructive, fast and accurate technique used by precious metals companies for identifying and analyzing the elemental composition of precious metals. The technique works by exposing a sample to X-rays, which causes the atoms in the sample to emit fluorescent X-rays. These X-rays are then detected and analyzed to determine the composition of the sample.
In the context of precious metals, XRF technology is a powerful tool for determining the purity and authenticity of precious metals such as gold, silver, and all PGMs (Pt, Ir, Pd, Rh, Ru, Os) . Precious metals companies rely on XRF testing to verify the composition of precious metal alloys and detect any impurities that may be present.
Refining companies mostly use XRF for preliminary assay to identify the alloy/scrap components as a base for advance payment and identifying hazardous or problematic metals in the scrap before starting the process.
Handheld XRF devices have become a common and basic tool for metal traders and recyclers as they are fast, non-destructive, and easy to use.
The XRF method is also used in the mining industry as it is accurate and can detect even trace amounts of elements.
At A.G. Metals, we have used XRF testing for over 20 years, in which time we have become experts in using this technique. Although it is simple to operate the device, excellent results can only be achieved with expert knowledge of which software to use and an understanding of the limitations of the XRF device.
If you are interested in performing XRF assay for auto catalytic converters, we invite you to read our article here.
How to Choose the Right XRF Device
Choosing the right XRF (X-ray fluorescence) instrument can be a complex decision, especially when considering the wide variety of options available on the market. From handheld devices to benchtop units, each serves different needs depending on what you’re analyzing and your specific requirements. Here are the key factors to consider when selecting the right XRF for your purposes:
Handheld vs. Benchtop XRF
The first question to ask yourself is whether you need a handheld or benchtop XRF. Handheld devices are portable and allow for on-site testing, ideal for fieldwork or quick sorting in scrap yards. Benchtop models, on the other hand, provide higher precision and are better suited for more controlled environments such as laboratories. If mobility and speed are your priority, a handheld model is preferable, while benchtop models are ideal for higher-accuracy applications.What Do You Need to Test?
Consider the types of metals or materials you need to analyze. XRF devices are designed for a range of applications:- Precious metals like gold, silver, and platinum
- Base metals such as copper, aluminum, and zinc
- Coatings or plated surfaces
- Mining samples, recycling materials, and even auto catalytic converters
Make sure you choose an XRF with a detection range and precision that meets your testing requirements.
Form of the Sample
XRF devices are optimized for different forms of material:- Solids, liquids, or powders. Ensure the XRF you select can handle the type of samples you work with. Some devices may excel in measuring solid materials, while others are better suited for testing powders or liquids.
Accuracy Needs
How accurate do your results need to be? For applications like
xrf1 scrap sorting, precision may be less critical, and a slightly less accurate but faster device could be more beneficial. On the other hand, if you’re assaying precious metals or conducting in-depth
Glossary XRF laboratory research, higher accuracy becomes vital.
Speed of Analysis
If you are looking to sort materials quickly, speed is a key factor. For example, in scrap yards where rapid sorting is essential, faster devices like the Niton XL2 might be more practical compared to the slower but more capable XL3.Budget
XRF devices range in price from $20,000 to $100,000 depending on the features, accuracy, and application. While higher-end models come with better capabilities, always consider whether your budget allows for such an investment and if those capabilities align with your real-world needs. For sorting and basic assays, a mid-range model could be more than sufficient.Service and Support
Since XRF devices are costly and highly technical, after-sales service is crucial. Choose a brand with reliable local service and support, ensuring that you can quickly get help or repairs when needed. It’s better to go with a slightly higher-priced model from a reputable brand with good support in your area.Radiation Regulations
Be aware of the radiation regulations in your country. Handheld XRFs, especially, may require stricter regulation since they operate as open systems. Ensure that you comply with local laws and that the device meets all necessary safety standards.Software Compatibility
Each XRF device typically comes with software tailored to specific applications, such as:- Base metals
- Precious metals
- Mining
- Auto catalytic converters
- Electronic metals
- Coating mode, which is especially useful for plating manufacturers
The quality and capabilities of the software can significantly affect
Vanta 1 scaled your results, so ensure that the software matches your testing requirements. The software can also help in challenging tests, such as distinguishing between tungsten and gold or separating gold and platinum spectra.
Test Problematic Samples Before You Buy
A final recommendation is to test known problematic samples before making a purchase. Take samples that have been difficult to analyze—such as tungsten that is difficult to distinguish from gold or platinum and gold spectra that are hard to separate—and test them on the XRF device you’re considering.
Remember, choosing the right XRF isn’t just about picking a model and pressing the trigger. Proper sample preparation and selecting the correct mode are critical steps in obtaining accurate results. Take your time, evaluate your needs carefully, and choose the XRF that fits your specific situation. Good luck!
